{"id":2110,"date":"2026-10-27T11:19:40","date_gmt":"2026-10-27T10:19:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/au.feri.um.si\/losdv\/projekti\/zaznava-dronov\/"},"modified":"2026-10-28T09:38:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T08:38:27","slug":"zaznava-dronov","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/au.feri.um.si\/losdv\/en\/projekti\/zaznava-dronov\/","title":{"rendered":"Detection of unmanned aerial vehicles"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"wp-block-group alignfull au-section au-section--dark au-projhero is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group au-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"au-back wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"\/losdv\/en\/#iz-nasega-dela\">\u2190 Projects and theses<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"au-eyebrow wp-block-paragraph\">01.1 \u00b7 Research project<\/p>\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Detection of unmanned aerial vehicles<\/h1>\n\n\n<p class=\"au-lead wp-block-paragraph\">A camera and an FMCW radar at 10 GHz detect drones together \u2013 the camera recognises the drone, the radar measures its range and velocity.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"anim-box\">\n      <canvas id=\"anim\" aria-label=\"Animation: a camera with the YOLOv8 detector circles the drone, while the radar shows its range and velocity. When fog appears, the camera&#039;s reliability drops, but the radar still tracks the drone.\"><\/canvas>\n      <div class=\"anim-cap mono\"><span>Illustration \u00b7 camera and radar fusion in changing weather<\/span><button class=\"anim-toggle\" type=\"button\">Stop<\/button><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-group alignfull au-section is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group au-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns au-projbody is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-89c98654 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About the project<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A camera and an FMCW radar at 10 GHz detect drones together. The camera recognises them with the YOLOv8 algorithm on an NVIDIA Jetson platform, while the radar measures range and velocity \u2013 together they are more reliable in different weather conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each sensor has its weaknesses: a camera recognises an object's shape well but is hampered by poor visibility, fog and backlight; a radar is insensitive to lighting but cannot tell by itself what the object is. Combining both sources of information gives more reliable detection.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How it works<\/h2>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list au-steps\">\n<li><strong>The camera<\/strong> captures the image, and the YOLOv8 detector on an embedded NVIDIA Jetson platform finds and marks the drones in it.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>The FMCW radar<\/strong> at 10 GHz transmits a frequency-modulated signal and measures the target's range and radial velocity from the reflection.<\/li>\n\n\n<li><strong>Fusion<\/strong> combines the detections of both sensors, so the system detects the drone even when one of the sensors fails.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column au-facts is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table au-facts__table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Type<\/td><td>Research project<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Related work<\/td><td>Master's thesis, 2025<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Field<\/td><td>Machine vision \u00b7 Radar signal processing<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sensors<\/td><td>Camera, 10 GHz FMCW radar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hardware<\/td><td>NVIDIA Jetson<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Algorithm<\/td><td>YOLOv8<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aef854540316&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aef854540316\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"\/losdv\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/07\/Screenshot-2026-07-09-112829.png\" alt=\"Zaznava brezpilotnih letalnikov \u2013 posnetek sistema\"\/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"au-textlink wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/dk.um.si\/IzpisGradiva.php?id=94488\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Read the master's thesis in DKUM \u2197<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group au-projsec is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Radar system and response to a drone<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center au-projsplit is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-89c98654 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:45%\">\n<figure class=\"rd-figure radar-media\">\n          <canvas class=\"rd-bg\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/canvas>\n          <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"rd-photo\" src=\"\/losdv\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/range-doppler.png\" alt=\"\" onerror=\"this.remove()\">\n          <div class=\"chip\">\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/losdv\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2026\/10\/adar1000-plosca.png\" alt=\"Radarska plo\u0161\u010da z oblikovalnikom snopa ADAR1000 (Analog Devices)\" onload=\"this.parentNode.classList.add(&#x27;has-photo&#x27;)\" onerror=\"this.remove()\">\n            <svg class=\"chip-svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 200 200\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"ADAR1000 chip (illustration)\">\n              <rect x=\"20\" y=\"20\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" rx=\"6\" fill=\"#1a1d21\" stroke=\"#5b6670\"\/>\n              <rect x=\"27\" y=\"27\" width=\"146\" height=\"146\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#c9a85a\" stroke-width=\"6\" stroke-dasharray=\"4 6\"\/>\n              <circle cx=\"46\" cy=\"46\" r=\"5\" fill=\"#3a3f45\"\/>\n              <text x=\"100\" y=\"100\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"IBM Plex Sans, sans-serif\" font-weight=\"600\" font-size=\"22\" fill=\"#e8ecee\">ADAR1000<\/text>\n              <text x=\"100\" y=\"122\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-family=\"IBM Plex Mono, monospace\" font-size=\"10\" fill=\"#9aa7ad\">8\u201316 GHz \u00b7 4 channels<\/text>\n            <\/svg>\n          <\/div>\n          <figcaption class=\"mono\">ADAR1000 \u00b7 radar response (range-Doppler)<\/figcaption>\n        <\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:55%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The picture shows a radar board with a phased-array antenna and the Analog Devices ADAR1000 beamformer \u2013 a four-channel beamformer for the X and Ku bands (8\u201316 GHz). By setting the phase and gain of the individual antennas, it steers the radar beam electronically, without rotating the antenna mechanically.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the background is the radar's response to a drone in a range-Doppler display: the horizontal axis is radial velocity, the vertical axis range. MTI processing ( <em>moving target indication<\/em>) removes reflections from stationary objects around zero velocity, so the drone stands out as a bright point. Next to it, horizontal micro-Doppler lines appear because of the rotating propellers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group au-projnav is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"\/losdv\/en\/projekti\/uwb-lokalizacija\/\"><span>\u2190 Previous<\/span>Localisation with ultra-wideband radio<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"\/losdv\/en\/projekti\/georadar-eksplozivi\/\"><span>Next \u2192<\/span>Searching for buried explosives from the air<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2190 Projekti in zaklju\u010dna dela 01.1 \u00b7 Raziskovalni projekt Zaznava brezpilotnih letalnikov Kamera in radar FMCW pri 10 GHz skupaj zaznavata drone \u2013 kamera ga prepozna, radar izmeri razdaljo in hitrost. Ponazoritev \u00b7 fuzija kamere in radarja v spremenljivem vremenuUstavi O projektu Kamera in radar FMCW pri 10 GHz skupaj zaznavata drone. Kamera jih prepozna [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2098,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-brez-naslova","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2110","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/au.feri.um.si\/losdv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/au.feri.um.si\/losdv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/au.feri.um.si\/losdv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/au.feri.um.si\/losdv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/au.feri.um.si\/losdv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2110"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/au.feri.um.si\/losdv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2110\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2132,"href":"https:\/\/au.feri.um.si\/losdv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2110\/revisions\/2132"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/au.feri.um.si\/losdv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/au.feri.um.si\/losdv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}